„Uepekere” ‒ Ainu narodne pripovetke kao odraz života jednog potlačenog naroda
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/analiff.2018.30.2.1Keywords:
uepekere, narodne pripovetke, usmena književnost, Japan, Ainu, starosedelački narod, univerzalni motiviAbstract
Ainu narod, tek 2008. priznat za starosedelački narod Japana sa originalnim jezikom, religijom i kulturom, dugo se nalazio na društvenim marginama. U XV veku Japanci su počeli da naseljavaju predele nastanjene Ainuima. Zemlja im je oduzimana, a oni raseljavani i asimilovani, bez prava na sopstveni jezik i kulturu. Jezikom ovog naroda služe se malobrojni, a pošto pismo ne postoji, Ainui su očuvali svoju kulturnu baštinu isključivo u usmenom stvaralaštvu. Veliki deo mitologije usvojen je kao usmena istorija u obliku epova i pripovedaka – uepekere, koji predstavljaju odraz Ainu verovanja i magijskih obreda, dok ujedno svedoče o životu seoskog življa. Prve zapise ove književnosti napravili su tokom XIX veka britanski misionari i etnografi, koji su istovremeno svojim pežorativnim stavovima o Ainu narodu doprineli njegovoj marginalizaciji. Dokazujući neopravdanost takvih stavova, danas se brojni naučnici bave proučavanjima usmene književnosti Ainua, obraćajući posebnu pažnju upravo na uepekere.
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