Potraga za arapskim esperantom u književno-jezičkoj laboratoriji Teufika al-Hakima
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18485/analiff.2021.33.2.3Keywords:
arapski jezički kontinuum, standardni arapski jezik, narodni arapski varijeteti, egipatski vernakular, klasicizacija, koinizacija, srednji arapski, Teufik al-Hakim, jezik književnog delaAbstract
Stepen nepodudarnosti i udaljenost polova arapskog jezičkog kontinuuma spada u red „omiljenih“ primera jezičkog raslojavanja. Premda je data karakteristika odlika većine svetski rasprostranjenih jezika, ona je za arapsku govornu zajednicu među najproblematičnijim u glotopolitičkom smislu. Uzrok tome nalazi se u činjenici da su na arapskom govornom području narodni (nestandardni) arapski varijeteti dominantno sredstvo usmenog izražavanja, a tretiraju se kao iskvareni i osiromašeni izdanci standardnog arapskog. Potonji se poistovećuje s „jezikom Kurana“, i najčešće je jedini ustavom priznati jezik u arapskim zemljama. Shodno tome, traganje za srednjim rešenjem, u smislu hibridizacije polova arapskog jezičkog kontinuuma, neretko je zaokupljalo intelektualne ličnosti arapskog sveta, koje su nastojale da udruže jezičke ideale i jezik stvarnosti. Među njima se posebno istakla potraga egipatskog književnika Teufika al-Hakima (1898–1987) za srednjim ili trećim arapskim jezikom, posvedočena teorijskim i stvaralačkim poduhvatima, što predstavlja težište ovog rada. Manifest i stvaralačko otelotvorenje srednjeg rešenja al-Hakim je dao u pojedinim dramskim komadima, poput komada Pogodba (1956), Hrana za sve (1963) i Nevolja (1966), koji su u radu analizirani, s namerom da se ukaže na dalji razvoj ovog pitanja u književnoj i vanknjiževnoj sferi unutar i van arapskog sveta.
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